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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 78(1): 108-116, Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888831

ABSTRACT

Abstract Although Planktothrix agardhii often produces toxic blooms in eutrophic water bodies around the world, little is known about the fate of the organic matter released by these abundant Cyanobacteria. Thus, this study focused in estimating the bacterial consumption of the DOC and DON (dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen, respectively) produced by axenic P. agardhii cultures and identifying some of the bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) involved in the process. Both P. agardhii and bacterial inocula were sampled from the eutrophic Barra Bonita Reservoir (SP, Brazil). Two distinct carbon degradation phases were observed: during the first three days, higher degradation coefficients were calculated, which were followed by a slower degradation phase. The maximum value observed for particulate bacterial carbon (POC) was 11.9 mg L-1, which consisted of 62.5% of the total available DOC, and its mineralization coefficient was 0.477 day-1 (t½ = 1.45 days). A similar pattern of degradation was observed for DON, although the coefficients were slightly different. Changes in the OTUs patterns were observed during the different steps of the degradation. The main OTUs were related to the classes Alphaproteobacteria (8 OTUs), Betaproteobacteria (2 OTUs) and Gammaproteobacteria (3 OTUs). The genus Acinetobacter was the only identified organism that occurred during the whole process. Bacterial richness was higher at the slower degradation phase, which could be related to the small amounts of DOM (dissolved organic matter) available, particularly carbon. The kinetics of the bacterial degradation of P. agardhii-originated DOM suggests minimal loss of DOM from the Barra Bonita reservoir.


Resumo Embora Planktothrix agardhii frequentemente forme florações tóxicas em corpos d'água pelo mundo, pouco ainda se sabe sobre o destino da matéria orgânica liberada por essa abundante Cyanobacteria. Assim, este estudo foi focado na estimativa do consumo bacteriano do carbono orgânico dissolvido (DOC) e nitrogênio orgânico dissolvido (DON) produzido por culturas axênicas de P. agardhii e identificação de algumas das unidades taxonômicas operacionais (OTUs) bacterianas envolvidas no processo. Ambos a linhagem de P. agardhii e o inóculo bacteriano foram amostrados do reservatório eutrófico de Barra Bonita (SP, Brasil). Foram observadas duas fases distintas da degradação do DOC: durante os três primeiros dias, coeficientes mais altos de degradação foram calculados, que foram então seguidos por uma fase mais lenta da degradação do carbono. O valor máximo calculado para o carbono bacteriano particulado (POC) foi de 11,9 mgL-1, o que equivale a aproximadamente 62,5% do DOC disponível para consumo, e o seu coeficiente de mineralização foi de 0,477 dia-1 (t1/2 = 1,45 dias). Um padrão similar de degradação foi observado para DON, embora os coeficientes sejam ligeiramente diferentes. Foram observadas mudanças nos padrões de OTUs durante os diferentes passos da degradação. As principais OTUs foram relacionadas às classes Alphaproteobacteria (8 OTUs), Betaproteobacteria (2 OTUs) e Gammaproteobacteria (3 OTUs). O gênero Acinetobacter foi o único organismo identificado que ocorreu durante todo o processo. A maior riqueza bacteriana foi observada durante a fase lenta de degradação, o que pode estar relacionado às pequenas quantidades de matéria orgânica dissovida (DOM) disponíveis, particularmente o carbono. A cinética da degradação bacteriana da MOD de P. agardhii, quando comparada ao tempo de retenção do reservatório, sugere que existe uma perda mínima após sua liberação em Barra Bonita.


Subject(s)
Carbon/metabolism , Cyanobacteria/metabolism , Cyanobacteria/chemistry , Proteobacteria/metabolism , Humic Substances/analysis , Nitrogen/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Carbon/analysis , Eutrophication , Nitrogen/analysis
2.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 12(2): 5-6, Apr. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-551366

ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken to characterize the alpha subgroup of the proteobacteria causing the huanglongbing (HLB) disease of citrus from three different ecological zones of Kenya namely the Lower highlands (LH2, LH3, 1800-1900 m above sea level); Upper midlands (UM3, UM4, 1390-1475m), Lower midlands (LM5, LM4, LM3 of 1290-1340-1390m), by isolation and sequencing DNA encoding the L10 and L12 ribosomal proteins and the intergenic region. A 7I6-basepair DNA fragment was amplified and sequenced and consisted of 536 basepairs of DNA encoding the L10 protein, 44 basepairs of DNA intergenic region and 136 basepairs of DNA that partially encodes the L12 protein. Sequences of rpL10/L12 protein genes from Kenyan strains were 98 percent and 81 percent similar to the South African 'Candidatus Liberibacter africanus strain Nelspruit' and the Asian 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' strains, respectively. The intergenic rDNA sequence of Kenyan strain from UM and LM showed 84 percent similarity with 'Candidatus L. africanus strain Nelspruit' and 50 percent similarity with 'Candidatus L. asiaticus' strain. However, the LH strain had an 11- basepairs deletion, while the LM4 had a 5-basepair deletion in the intergenic region compared to 'Candidatus L. africanus strain Nelspruit'. The L10 amino acid sequence was 100 percent homologous among HLB bacteria obtained from the agro-ecological zones in Kenya and the L10 protein sequence was also homologus to 'Candidatus L. africanus strain Nelspruit'. Nevertheless, the L10 amino acid sequence of 'Candidatus L. asiaticus' and the 'Candidatus L. africanus subsp. capensis' differed from the Kenyan strains by 18.36 percent and 11.82 percent, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of both the L10/L12 rDNA sequences and the L10 amino acid sequences clustered the Kenyan strains of the 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species with members of alpha subdivision of proteobacteria.


Subject(s)
DNA, Ribosomal/agonists , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Proteobacteria/enzymology , Proteobacteria/metabolism , Ribosomal Proteins , Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Kenya , Phylogeny
3.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 77(3): 549-579, Sept. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-406231

ABSTRACT

A presente revisão aborda a história da Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio (FBN) em Gramíneas no Brasil, procurando mostrar a evolução da pesquisa na área iniciada a mais de 40 anos sob a liderança da pesquisadora Johanna Döbereiner. Um aspecto marcante deste período foi a descoberta de diversas bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio atmosférico tais com as rizosféricas (Beijerinckia fluminensis e Azotobacter paspali), associativas (Azospirillum lipoferum, A. brasilense, A. amazonense) e as endofíticas (Herbaspirillum seropedicae, H. rubrisubalbicans, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Burkholderia brasilensis e B. tropica). O papel destas bactérias diazotróficas em associação com as gramíneas, especialmente os cereais, tem sido estudado e muito se avançou sobre os aspectos ecológicos, fisiológicos, bioquímicos e genéticos. Os mecanismos de colonização e infecção dos tecidos das plantas foram melhor entendidos e a contribuição da FBN para o sistema solo-planta foi determinado. Estudos de inoculação de cereais com bactérias diazotróficas, têm mostrado que as endofíticas têm um maior potencial de contribuição da FBN e que o genótipo da planta influencia na associação da planta/bactéria. Os avanços alcançados apontam para uma maior exploração e entendimento desta associação endofítica. Os programas de sequenciamento do genoma: RIOGENE (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus) e GENOPAR (Herbaspirillum seropedicae) mostram a importância da FBN no Brasil e devem permitir que o país continue na fronteira do conhecimento em relação ao processo de FBN em gramíneas.


Subject(s)
Nitrogen Fixation/physiology , Poaceae/physiology , Proteobacteria/metabolism , Brazil , Genotype , Nitrogen Fixation/genetics , Plant Roots/microbiology , Plant Roots/physiology , Poaceae/microbiology , Proteobacteria/genetics
4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 49(3/4): 1213-1222, Sep.-Dec. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-333064

ABSTRACT

Bacteria from several groups of marine organisms were isolated and, using direct antibiograms, identified those that produce antibacterial substances, using a human pathogenic strain of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 as revealing microorganism. Bacteria which produce substances that inhibited S. aureus growth were identified through morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. Out of 290 bacteria, 54 (18.6) inhibited the growth of S. aureus, but only 27 survived for identification. Bivalves, sponges and corals were the most represented from which 41.2, 33.3 and 29.7, respectively, produced antibacterial substances of the isolated bacteria in each group. The marine species with highest proportions of these bacteria were the hard coral Madracis decactis (62.5), the sponges Cliona sp. (57.1) and the octocoral Plexaura flexuosa (50.0). Out of the 27 strains that produced antibacterial substances, 51.8 were Aeromonas spp. and 14.8 Vibrio spp. Marine bacteria that produce antibacterial substances are abundant, most belong in the Vibrionacea group and were isolated mainly from corals and bivalve mollusks.


Subject(s)
Animals , Seawater/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Gram-Negative Bacteria/metabolism , Invertebrates , Staphylococcus aureus , Antibiosis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bivalvia , Cnidaria , Growth Inhibitors , Porifera/microbiology , Proteobacteria/metabolism , Staphylococcus aureus , Water Microbiology
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